Index of /s/sys/buster-libre-soc/usr/share/doc/texlive-doc/generic/babel-greek
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<body>
<div class="document" id="babel-greek">
<h1 class="title">babel-greek</h1>
<p class="subtitle" id="babel-support-for-the-greek-language-and-script">Babel support for the Greek language and script</p>
<dl class="docinfo simple">
<dt class="copyright">Copyright</dt>
<dd class="copyright">© 1997 Apostolos Syropoulos, Claudio Beccari, Johannes Brahms,
© 2013 Günter Milde</dd>
<dt class="licence">Licence</dt>
<dd class="licence"><p>This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
conditions of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">LaTeX Project Public License</a>, either
version 1.3 of this license or any later version.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="abstract topic">
<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
<p>Babel-greek is a contributed package providing support for the
Greek language and script via the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">Babel</a> system.</p>
<p>The file <span class="docutils literal">greek.ldf</span> provides options for the monotonic
(single-diacritic), polytonic (multiple-diacritic) and ancient
orthography of the Greek language.</p>
<p>Since 2013-07-19, babel-greek supports also Unicode-aware TeX
engines (XeTeX/LuaTeX).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="news">
<h1>News</h1>
<table class="borderless">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 6%" />
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 78%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr><td><p>1.4</p></td>
<td><p>2013-05-17</p></td>
<td><p>New maintainer.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>The encoding definition file <span class="docutils literal">lgrenc.def</span> moved to the
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc">greek-fontenc</a> package.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.5</p></td>
<td><p>2013-06-21</p></td>
<td><p>bugfixes and cleanup,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>LICR macros in string definitions,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>LGR font encoding not used with XeTeX/LuaTeX,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>input “xgreek-fixes.def” from <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia">polyglossia</a> with Xe/LuaTeX.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.5a</p></td>
<td><p>2013-07-02</p></td>
<td><p>Fix LaTeX bugs babel/3707, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/cgi-bin/ltxbugs2html?pr=babel/4303">babel/4303</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/cgi-bin/ltxbugs2html?pr=babel/4305">babel/4305</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.6</p></td>
<td><p>2013-07-19</p></td>
<td><p>Experimental support for XeTeX/LuaTeX.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.7</p></td>
<td><p>2013-09-09</p></td>
<td><p>CB-Fonts font definition files moved to CB-Fonts package.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Do not auto-load euenc.def with XeTeX/LuaTeX.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.7a</p></td>
<td><p>2013-09-13</p></td>
<td><p>Fix bug <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/cgi-bin/ltxbugs2html?pr=babel/4360">babel/4360</a>: spurious <span class="docutils literal">\fi</span>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.7b</p></td>
<td><p>2013-10-01</p></td>
<td><p>bugfix: correct upcasing of babel strings with Xe/LuaTeX.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.8</p></td>
<td><p>2013-12-02</p></td>
<td><p>Rename <span class="docutils literal">greek.dtx</span> to <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">babel-greek</span></span> so that <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/texdoc">texdoc</a>
shows the right documentation.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Compatibility with Xe/LuaTeX in Unicode and 8-bit mode.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.8a</p></td>
<td><p>2013-12-03</p></td>
<td><p>Set <span class="docutils literal">\encodingdefault</span> in <span class="docutils literal">\greekscript</span> to fix
Greek in footnotes etc. with document language Greek.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9</p></td>
<td><p>2014-07-20</p></td>
<td><p>Added attribute for ancient Greek, load correct hyphenation
patterns: Patch by Claudio Beccari. Bugfix for Makeuppercase</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9a</p></td>
<td><p>2014-09-12</p></td>
<td><p>Remove duplicate code, documentation review.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9b</p></td>
<td><p>2014-09-18</p></td>
<td><p>Remove spurious whitespace from “extrasgreek” definition.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Use named macros instead of non-standard short macros
for psili and dasia in the string definitions.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9c</p></td>
<td><p>2014-10-21</p></td>
<td><p>Fix dummy hyphenation language names (patch Ulrike Fischer).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9d</p></td>
<td><p>2015-09-04</p></td>
<td><p>Remove <cite>grsymb</cite> (macros for Greek symbols).
This package is outdated and obsoleted by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc">greek-fontenc</a>
(reported by Claudio Beccari).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Unicode uc/lc corrections now in greek-fontenc
(polyglossia’s <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xgreek-fixes.def</span></span> has bugs).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9e</p></td>
<td><p>2015-11-27</p></td>
<td><p>Fix bug in lccode-setting loop (patch by Enrico Gregorio).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9f</p></td>
<td><p>2016-02-04</p></td>
<td><p>Support for standard Unicode text font encoding “TU”
(new in fontspec v2.5a).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>1.9g</p></td>
<td><p>2016-09-07</p></td>
<td><p>Babel 3.9i deprecated <span class="docutils literal">\textlatin</span>
and fixed <span class="docutils literal">\latinencoding</span>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="files">
<h1>Files</h1>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="babel-greek.ins">babel-greek.ins</a>; <a class="reference external" href="babel-greek.pdf">babel-greek.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p>Source of the language definition file <span class="docutils literal">greek.ldf</span> for use with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">Babel</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="athnum.dtx">athnum.dtx</a>; <a class="reference external" href="athnum.pdf">athnum.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p>Athenian Numerals.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="grmath.dtx">grmath.dtx</a>; <a class="reference external" href="grmath.pdf">grmath.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p>Greek log-like Operators.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="test-greek.pdf">test-greek.pdf</a>; <a class="reference external" href="test-greek.tex">test-greek.tex</a></dt>
<dd><p>Tests and Examples for 8-bit TeX.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="test-unicode-greek.pdf">test-unicode-greek.pdf</a>; <a class="reference external" href="test-unicode-greek.tex">test-unicode-greek.tex</a></dt>
<dd><p>Tests and Examples for XeTeX/LuaTeX.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="test-unicode-lgr.pdf">test-unicode-lgr.pdf</a>; <a class="reference external" href="test-unicode-lgr.tex">test-unicode-lgr.tex</a></dt>
<dd><p>Tests and Examples for XeTeX/LuaTeX with LGR 8-bit fonts.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="usage.pdf">usage.pdf</a>; <a class="reference external" href="usage.tex">usage.tex</a></dt>
<dd><p>Description of the <a class="reference internal" href="#lgr-latin-transliteration">LGR Latin transliteration</a>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="requirements">
<h1>Requirements</h1>
<p>The “babel-greek” package requires the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">babel</a> base package and font
definition files from the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc">greek-fontenc</a> package. The <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-inputenc">greek-inputenc</a>
package is recommended when using 8-bit TeX engines.</p>
<p>Typesetting Greek texts requires <a class="reference internal" href="#greek-text-fonts">Greek text fonts</a>.</p>
<p>Plain TeX is currently not supported. Patches are welcome.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installation">
<h1>Installation</h1>
<p>If possible, get this package from your distribution using its installation
manager.</p>
<p>Otherwise, make sure LaTeX can find the required files:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Download and unpack <cite>babel-greek.zip</cite>.</p></li>
<li><p>Run <span class="docutils literal">tex</span> or <span class="docutils literal">latex</span> on the batch file <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">babel-greek.ins</span></span>.</p></li>
<li><p>Move all files ending in <span class="docutils literal">.ldf</span> or <span class="docutils literal">.sty</span> into a directory searched by
TeX.</p></li>
<li><p>To produce the documentation, run the file <span class="docutils literal">usage.tex</span> and all files
ending in <span class="docutils literal">.dtx</span> through LaTeX.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage">
<h1>Usage</h1>
<p>Use the “greek” document option or pass the “greek” option to babel:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[greek]{babel}</pre>
<p>For polytonic Greek, set the language attribute “polutoniko”:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[greek]{babel}
\languageattribute{greek}{polutoniko}</pre>
<p>or</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[greek.polutoniko,english]{babel}</pre>
<p>Similarly, the attribute “ancient” selects the ancient Greek language
variant.</p>
<p>For details see <a class="reference external" href="babel-greek.pdf">babel-greek.pdf</a> and the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">babel</a> documentation.</p>
<p>With XeTeX/LuaTeX, load <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontspec">fontspec</a> before <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">babel</a>, so that babel-greek can
set up the Unicode font encoding for use with Greek, e.g.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Linux Libertine O}
\setsansfont{Linux Biolinum O}
\usepackage[greek,english]{babel}</pre>
<p>Note, that the default font used with XeTeX/LuaTeX (Latin Modern) misses most
Greek letters. Warnings about missing charcters are only written to the log
file, not the console output!</p>
<p>Input of Greek characters is possible as literal characters (with the
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-inputenc">greek-inputenc</a> package or with XeTeX or LuaTeX) or the <a class="reference internal" href="#lgr-latin-transliteration">LGR Latin
transliteration</a>. See <a class="reference external" href="usage.pdf">usage.pdf</a> and the example files provided with
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc">greek-fontenc</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="greek-text-fonts">
<h1>Greek text fonts</h1>
<p>A list of Greek text fonts for use with LaTeX is available at the CTAN
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/topic/font-greek">http://www.ctan.org/topic/font-greek</a></p>
<p>With the XeTeX or LuaTeX engines, the user should ensure that the chosen
font contains the required glyphs (the default Latin Modern fonts miss
them). Examples for suitable fonts are the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cm-unicode">CM-unicode</a> or the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/libertine">Linux
Libertine</a> OpenType fonts as well as any system-wide installed OTF fonts
that support Greek (e.g. <a class="reference external" href="http://dejavu-fonts.org">Deja Vu</a>).</p>
<p>The LGR <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf">font encoding</a> is the de-facto standard for typesetting Greek with
8-bit LaTeX. Fonts in this encoding include the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cbgreek-complete">CB fonts</a> (matching CM),
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/grtimes">grtimes</a> (Greek Times), <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/kerkis">Kerkis</a> (matching URW Bookman), and the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/gfs">GFS font
collection</a>. Setup of these fonts as Greek variant to matching Latin fonts
is facilitated by the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/substitutefont">substitutefont</a> package.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="lgr-latin-transliteration">
<h1>LGR Latin Transliteration</h1>
<p>The LGR font encoding allows input of Greek characters via an ASCII
transliteration. This enables simple input with a Latin keyboard. Characters
with diacritics may be selected with accent macros (cf. <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc">greek-fontenc</a>) or
via the ligature definitions in the font (see <a class="reference external" href="usage.pdf">usage.pdf</a>).</p>
<p>The following ASCII characters are converted to Greek symbols:</p>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
<col style="width: 4%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr><td><p>A</p></td>
<td><p>B</p></td>
<td><p>G</p></td>
<td><p>D</p></td>
<td><p>E</p></td>
<td><p>Z</p></td>
<td><p>H</p></td>
<td><p>J</p></td>
<td><p>I</p></td>
<td><p>K</p></td>
<td><p>L</p></td>
<td><p>M</p></td>
<td><p>N</p></td>
<td><p>X</p></td>
<td><p>O</p></td>
<td><p>P</p></td>
<td><p>R</p></td>
<td><p>S</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>T</p></td>
<td><p>U</p></td>
<td><p>F</p></td>
<td><p>Q</p></td>
<td><p>Y</p></td>
<td><p>W</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>Α</p></td>
<td><p>Β</p></td>
<td><p>Γ</p></td>
<td><p>Δ</p></td>
<td><p>Ε</p></td>
<td><p>Ζ</p></td>
<td><p>Η</p></td>
<td><p>Θ</p></td>
<td><p>Ι</p></td>
<td><p>Κ</p></td>
<td><p>Λ</p></td>
<td><p>Μ</p></td>
<td><p>Ν</p></td>
<td><p>Ξ</p></td>
<td><p>Ο</p></td>
<td><p>Π</p></td>
<td><p>Ρ</p></td>
<td><p>Σ</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Τ</p></td>
<td><p>Υ</p></td>
<td><p>Φ</p></td>
<td><p>Χ</p></td>
<td><p>Ψ</p></td>
<td><p>Ω</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>a</p></td>
<td><p>b</p></td>
<td><p>g</p></td>
<td><p>d</p></td>
<td><p>e</p></td>
<td><p>z</p></td>
<td><p>h</p></td>
<td><p>j</p></td>
<td><p>i</p></td>
<td><p>k</p></td>
<td><p>l</p></td>
<td><p>m</p></td>
<td><p>n</p></td>
<td><p>x</p></td>
<td><p>o</p></td>
<td><p>p</p></td>
<td><p>r</p></td>
<td><p>s</p></td>
<td><p>c</p></td>
<td><p>t</p></td>
<td><p>u</p></td>
<td><p>f</p></td>
<td><p>q</p></td>
<td><p>y</p></td>
<td><p>w</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>α</p></td>
<td><p>β</p></td>
<td><p>γ</p></td>
<td><p>δ</p></td>
<td><p>ε</p></td>
<td><p>ζ</p></td>
<td><p>η</p></td>
<td><p>θ</p></td>
<td><p>ι</p></td>
<td><p>κ</p></td>
<td><p>λ</p></td>
<td><p>μ</p></td>
<td><p>ν</p></td>
<td><p>ξ</p></td>
<td><p>ο</p></td>
<td><p>π</p></td>
<td><p>ρ</p></td>
<td><p>σ</p></td>
<td><p>ς</p></td>
<td><p>τ</p></td>
<td><p>υ</p></td>
<td><p>φ</p></td>
<td><p>χ</p></td>
<td><p>ψ</p></td>
<td><p>ω</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Accent symbols and punctuation:</p>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 29%" />
<col style="width: 9%" />
<col style="width: 3%" />
<col style="width: 38%" />
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 7%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr><td><p>tonos</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">'</span></p></td>
<td><p>ά</p></td>
<td><p>semicolon</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">;</span></p></td>
<td><p>·</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>varia</p></td>
<td><p>`</p></td>
<td><p>ὰ</p></td>
<td><p>question mark</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">?</span></p></td>
<td><p>;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>perispomeni</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">~</span></p></td>
<td><p>ᾶ</p></td>
<td><p>left apostrophe</p></td>
<td><p>` `</p></td>
<td><p>‘</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>dasia</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal"><</span></p></td>
<td><p>ἁ</p></td>
<td><p>right apostrophe</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">''</span></p></td>
<td><p>’</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>psili</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">></span></p></td>
<td><p>ἀ</p></td>
<td><p>left quotation mark</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">((</span></p></td>
<td><p>«</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>ypogegrammeni</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">|</span></p></td>
<td><p>ᾳ</p></td>
<td><p>right quotation mark</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">))</span></p></td>
<td><p>»</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>dialytika</p></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">"</span></p></td>
<td><p>ϊ</p></td>
<td><p>zero width non-joiner</p></td>
<td><p>v</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>A major drawback of the LGR transliteration is that you cannot access Latin
letters and some symbols if LGR is the active font encoding (e.g. in
documents or parts of documents given the <cite>Babel</cite> language <span class="docutils literal">greek</span>). This
means that for every Latin-written word or acronym an explicit
language-switch is required. This problem can only be solved via a
font-encoding comprising both Latin and Greek like the hypothetical T7 or
Unicode (with XeTeX or LuaTeX).</p>
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