Index of /s/sys/buster-libre-soc/usr/share/doc/texlive-doc/latex/greek-fontenc
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<body>
<div class="document" id="greek-fontenc">
<h1 class="title">greek-fontenc</h1>
<p class="subtitle" id="greek-font-encoding-definition-files">Greek font encoding definition files</p>
<dl class="docinfo simple">
<dt class="author">Author</dt>
<dd class="author"><p>Günter Milde</p></dd>
<dt class="date">Date</dt>
<dd class="date">2014-12-25</dd>
<dt class="copyright">Copyright</dt>
<dd class="copyright">© 2013 Günter Milde <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:milde@users.sf.net">milde@users.sf.net</a>></dd>
<dt class="licence">Licence</dt>
<dd class="licence"><p>This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
conditions of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">LaTeX Project Public License</a>, either
version 1.3 of this license or any later version.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="abstract topic">
<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
<p><cite>LaTeX internal character representation</cite> (LICR) macros are a
verbose but failsafe 7-bit ASCII encoding that works unaltered
under both, 8-bit TeX and XeTeX/LuaTeX. Use cases are macro
definitions and generated text</p>
<p>This package provides <a class="reference internal" href="#greek-licr-macros">Greek LICR macros</a> and encoding
definition files for <a class="reference internal" href="#greek-text-font-encodings">Greek text font encodings</a> for use with
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontenc">fontenc</a> (8-bit TeX) or <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontspec">fontspec</a> (XeTeX/LuaTeX).</p>
<p>Included are also the LaTeX packages <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#alphabeta">alphabeta</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The LICR macro names for Greek symbols are chosen pending
endorsement by the TeX community and related packages.</p>
<p>Names for archaic characters, accents/diacritics, and
punctuation may change in future versions.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="news">
<h1>News</h1>
<table class="borderless">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 8%" />
<col style="width: 15%" />
<col style="width: 77%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr><td><p>0.9</p></td>
<td><p>2013-07-03</p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="greek-fontenc.def">greek-fontenc.def</a> “outsourced” from lgrxenc.def</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>experimental files xunicode-greek.sty and
<a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc.def">greek-euenc.def</a>: LICRs for XeTeX/LuaTeX.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.9.1</p></td>
<td><p>2013-07-18</p></td>
<td><p>Bugfix: wrong breathings psilioxia -> dasiaoxia.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.9.2</p></td>
<td><p>2013-07-19</p></td>
<td><p>Bugfix: Disable composite defs starting with char macro,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>fix “hiatus” handling.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.9.3</p></td>
<td><p>2013-07-24</p></td>
<td><p>Fix “input” path in xunicode-greek and greek-euenc.def.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.9.4</p></td>
<td><p>2013-09-10</p></td>
<td><p>greek-fontenc.sty: Greek text font encoding setup package,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>remove xunicode-greek.sty.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.10</p></td>
<td><p>2013-09-13</p></td>
<td><p><a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty">textalpha.sty</a> and <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta.sty">alphabeta.sty</a> moved here from lgrx and
updated to work with XeTeX/LuaTeX.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>greek-fontenc.sty removed (obsoleted by textalpha.sty).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.10.1</p></td>
<td><p>2013-10-01</p></td>
<td><p>Bugfix in <a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc.def">greek-euenc.def</a> and <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-euenc.def">alphabeta-euenc.def</a>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.11</p></td>
<td><p>2013-11-28</p></td>
<td><p>Compatibility with Xe/LuaTeX in 8-bit mode,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">\greekscript</span> TextCommand.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.11.1</p></td>
<td><p>2013-12-01</p></td>
<td><p>Fix identification of <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">greek-euenc.def</span></span>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.11.2</p></td>
<td><p>2014-09-04</p></td>
<td><p>Documentation update, remove duplicate code.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.12</p></td>
<td><p>2014-12-25</p></td>
<td><p>Fix auxiliary macro names in <cite>textalpha</cite>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Conservative naming: move definition of <span class="docutils literal">\<</span> and <span class="docutils literal">\></span>
from <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">greek-fontenc.def</span></span> to <span class="docutils literal">textalpha.sty</span>
(Bugreport David Kastrup).
Documentation update.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.13</p></td>
<td><p>2015-09-04</p></td>
<td><p>Support for <a class="reference internal" href="#symbol-variants">symbol variants</a>,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">keep-semicolon</span></span> option in <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a>,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p><span class="docutils literal">\lccode</span>/<span class="docutils literal">\uccode</span> corrections for Unicode
(from Apostolos Syropoulos’ <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xgreek">xgreek</a>) in <a class="reference internal" href="#greek-euenc">greek-euenc</a>,</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><!-- -->
</td>
<td></td>
<td><p>Do not convert <span class="docutils literal">\ypogegrammeni</span> to <span class="docutils literal">\prosgegrammeni</span>
with <span class="docutils literal">\MakeUppercase</span>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.13.1</p></td>
<td><p>2015-12-07</p></td>
<td><p>Fix <a class="reference external" href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/281631/greek-small-rho-with-dasia-and-also-psili-problem-with-accent-and-lgr-encodin">rho with dasia bug</a> in lgrenc.def (Linus Romer).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.13.2</p></td>
<td><p>2016-02-05</p></td>
<td><p>Support for standard Unicode text font encoding “TU”
(new in fontspec v2.5a).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tex-files">
<h1>TeX files</h1>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="greek-fontenc.def">greek-fontenc.def</a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="greek-fontenc.def.html">Common Greek font encoding definitions</a>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl id="lgr-font-encoding-definition-file">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="lgrenc.def">lgrenc.def</a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="lgrenc.def.html">LGR Greek font encoding definitions</a>.</p>
<p>This file is the successor of the basic LGR encoding definition file which
comes with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">babel</a>’s Greek support and of <span class="docutils literal">lgrxenc.def</span> from the now
obsolete <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/lgrx">lgrx</a> bundle.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="textalpha"><a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty">textalpha.sty</a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty.html">Greek symbols in text</a>
independent of font encoding and TeX engine.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="alphabeta"><a class="reference external" href="alphabeta.sty">alphabeta.sty</a></dt>
<dd><p>Generic macros for <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta.sty.html">Greek symbols in text and math</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-euenc.def">alphabeta-euenc.def</a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-euenc.def.html">Composite definitions with XeTeX/LuaTeX.</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt id="greek-euenc"><a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc.def">greek-euenc.def</a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc.def.html">Font setup for Greek with XeTeX/LuaTeX</a>.
Requires <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/euenc">euenc</a>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Literate source files were converted with <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pylit">PyLit</a> to <a class="reference external" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a> and
with <a class="reference external" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">Docutils</a> to the HTML documentation.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="documentation-and-test-documents">
<h1>Documentation and test documents</h1>
<dl>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="textalpha-doc.tex">textalpha-doc.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="textalpha-doc.pdf">textalpha-doc.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p><cite>The textalpha package</cite>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-doc.tex">alphabeta-doc.tex</a> <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-doc.pdf">alphabeta-doc.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p><cite>The alphabeta package</cite>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="lgrenc-test.tex">lgrenc-test.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="lgrenc-test.pdf">lgrenc-test.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p>Test and usage example.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc-doc.tex">greek-euenc-doc.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc-doc.pdf">greek-euenc-doc.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p>Example for use of the Greek LICR definitions with XeTeX or
LuaTeX.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="greekhyperref.tex">greekhyperref.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="greekhyperref.pdf">greekhyperref.pdf</a></dt>
<dd><p><cite>Greek script in PDF metadata</cite>.</p>
<p>The package <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref">hyperref</a> defines the PU font encoding which also supports
(monotonic) Greek.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="experimental-files">
<h1>Experimental files</h1>
<p>These files are still in development and will eventually be moved to/merged
with other packages or removed in future versions:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="lgr2licr.lua">lgr2licr.lua</a></dt>
<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="lgr2licr.lua.html">LGR Transcription to Greek LICR transformation</a></p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installation">
<h1>Installation</h1>
<p>If possible, get this package from your distribution using its installation
manager.</p>
<p>Otherwise, make sure LaTeX can find the package and definition files:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Download and unpack <a class="reference external" href="http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc.zip">greek-fontenc.zip</a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Copy/Move/Link files ending in <span class="docutils literal">.def</span> or <span class="docutils literal">.sty</span> to a suitable place in
the “TeX Directory Structure” (<a class="reference external" href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds">TDS</a>) and run <span class="docutils literal">texhash</span>, or place them in
the current working directory (e.g. for testing).</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage">
<h1>Usage</h1>
<p>There are many alternatives to use the Greek font encoding setup
provided by this package, e.g.:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Ensure support for Greek characters in text mode with <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a></p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{textalpha}</pre>
<p>eventually with the <a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty.html#normalize-symbols">normalize-symbols</a> option to handle <a class="reference internal" href="#symbol-variants">symbol
variants</a></p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[normalize-symbols]{textalpha}</pre>
<p>and/or the <a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty.html#keep-semicolon">keep-semicolon</a> option to use the <a class="reference external" href="textalpha.sty.html#semicolon-as-erotimatiko">semicolon as erotimatiko</a>
also in LGR</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[normalize-symbols,keep-semicolon]{textalpha}</pre>
<p>This sets up LICR macros for Greek text charactes under both, 8-bit TeX
and Xe-/LuaTeX.
For details see <a class="reference external" href="textalpha-doc.tex">textalpha-doc.tex</a> and <a class="reference external" href="textalpha-doc.pdf">textalpha-doc.pdf</a> (8-bit
TeX) as well as <a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc-doc.tex">greek-euenc-doc.tex</a> and <a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc-doc.pdf">greek-euenc-doc.pdf</a>
(XeTeX/LuaTeX).</p>
</li>
<li><p>To use the short macro names (<span class="docutils literal">\alpha</span> … <span class="docutils literal">\Omega</span>) known from math
mode in both, text and math mode, write</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{alphabeta}</pre>
<p>For details see <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-doc.tex">alphabeta-doc.tex</a> and <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta-doc.pdf">alphabeta-doc.pdf</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Use the <span class="docutils literal">greek</span> option with <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel">Babel</a>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[greek]{babel}</pre>
<p>This automatically loads <span class="docutils literal">lgrenc.def</span> with 8-bit TeX and
<span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">greek-euenc.def</span></span> with XeTeX/LuaTeX and provides localized auto-strings,
hyphenation and other localizations (see <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek">babel-greek</a>).</p>
<p>Babel can be used together with <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#alphabeta">alphabeta</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Declare LGR via <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontenc">fontenc</a>. For example, specify T1 (8-bit
Latin) as default font encoding and LGR for Greek with</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}</pre>
<p>Note that without <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#alphabeta">alphabeta</a>, Greek text macros work
only if the current font encoding supports Greek. See <a class="citation-reference" href="#fntguide" id="id6">[fntguide]</a> for
details and <a class="reference external" href="lgrenc-test.tex">lgrenc-test.tex</a> for an example.</p>
</li>
<li><p>It is possible to use 8-bit Greek text fonts in the LGR TeX font encoding
also with XeTeX/LuaTeX, if the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontenc">fontenc</a> package is loaded before
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontspec">fontspec</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#alphabeta">alphabeta</a>, e.g.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[LGR]{fontenc}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Linux Libertine O} % Latin Modern does not support Greek
\setsansfont{Linux Biolinum O}
\usepackage{textalpha}</pre>
<p>See <a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc-doc.tex">greek-euenc-doc.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="greek-euenc-doc.pdf">greek-euenc-doc.pdf</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="lgrenc-test.tex">lgrenc-test.tex</a>, <a class="reference external" href="lgrenc-test.pdf">lgrenc-test.pdf</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="greek-text-font-encodings">
<h1>Greek text font encodings</h1>
<p>Greek TeX font encodings are the envisaged <a class="reference internal" href="#t7">T7</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#lgr">LGR</a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#lgi">LGI</a>.
Greek letters and symbols are also defined in the Unicode-based font
encodings <a class="reference internal" href="#eu1">EU1</a> , <a class="reference internal" href="#eu2">EU2</a> and PU (<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref">hyperref</a>).</p>
<div class="section" id="t7">
<h2>T7</h2>
<p>The <a class="citation-reference" href="#encguide" id="id12">[encguide]</a> reserves the name T7 for a Greek <cite>standard font encoding</cite>.
However, up to now, there is no agreement on an implementation because the
restrictions for general text encodings are too severe for typesetting
polytonic Greek.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="lgr">
<h2>LGR</h2>
<p>The LGR font encoding is the de-facto standard for typesetting Greek with
(8-bit) LaTeX. <cite>greek-fontenc</cite> provides a comprehensive <a class="reference internal" href="#lgr-font-encoding-definition-file">LGR font
encoding definition file</a>.</p>
<p>Fonts in this encoding include the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cbgreek-complete">CB fonts</a> (matching CM),
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/grtimes">grtimes</a> (Greek Times), <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/kerkis">Kerkis</a> (matching URW Bookman), and the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/gfs">GFS font
collection</a>. Setup of these fonts as Greek variant to matching Latin fonts
is facilitated by the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/substitutefont">substitutefont</a> package.</p>
<p>The LGR font encoding allows to access Greek characters via an ASCII
transliteration. This enables simple input with a Latin keyboard.
Characters with diacritics can be selected by ligature definitions in the
font (see <a class="citation-reference" href="#greek-usage" id="id13">[greek-usage]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#teubner-doc" id="id14">[teubner-doc]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#cbfonts" id="id15">[cbfonts]</a>).</p>
<p>A major drawback of the transliteration is, that you cannot access Latin
letters if LGR is the active font encoding (e.g. in documents or parts of
documents given the <cite>Babel</cite> language <span class="docutils literal">greek</span> or <span class="docutils literal">polutionikogreek</span>).
This means that for every Latin-written word or acronym an explicit
language-switch is required. This problem can only be solved via a
font-encoding comprising Latin and Greek like the envisaged <a class="reference internal" href="#t7">T7</a> or
Unicode (with XeTeX or LuaTeX).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="lgi">
<h2>LGI</h2>
<p>The ‘Ibycus’ fonts from the package <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ibygrk">ibygrk</a> implement an alternative
transliteration scheme (also explained in <a class="citation-reference" href="#babel-patch" id="id16">[babel-patch]</a>).
It is currently not supported by <cite>greek-fontenc</cite>.</p>
<p>The font encoding file <span class="docutils literal">lgienc.def</span> from <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ibycus-babel">ibycus-babel</a> provides a basic
setup (without any LICR macros or composite definitions).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="eu1">
<h2>EU1</h2>
<p>Unicode font encoding set up by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/euenc">euenc</a> for XeTeX and indirectly loaded by
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontspec">fontspec</a>. <cite>greek-fontenc</cite> adds support for the Greek script (see
<a class="reference internal" href="#greek-euenc">greek-euenc</a>).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="eu2">
<h2>EU2</h2>
<p>Unicode font encoding set up by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/euenc">euenc</a> for XeTeX and indirectly loaded by
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fontspec">fontspec</a>. <cite>greek-fontenc</cite> adds support for the Greek script (see
<a class="reference internal" href="#greek-euenc">greek-euenc</a>).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="greek-licr-macros">
<h1>Greek LICR macros</h1>
<p>This package provides LaTeX internal character representations (LICR macros)
for Greek letters and diacritics. Macro names were selected based on the
following considerations:</p>
<div class="section" id="letters-and-symbols">
<h2>letters and symbols</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#fntguide">fntguide</a> (section 6.4 Naming conventions) recommends:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Where possible, text symbols should be named as <span class="docutils literal">\text</span> followed
by the <strong>Adobe glyph name</strong>: for example <span class="docutils literal">\textonequarter</span> or
<span class="docutils literal">\textsterling</span>. Similarly, math symbols should be named as
<span class="docutils literal">\math</span> followed by the glyph name, for example
<span class="docutils literal">\mathonequarter</span> or <span class="docutils literal">\mathsterling</span>.</p>
</blockquote>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Problem:</dt>
<dd><p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-type-tools/agl-aglfn/master/aglfn.txt">Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts</a> has names for many glyphs in the
<cite>Greek and Coptic</cite> Unicode block, but not for <cite>Greek extended</cite>. The
<a class="reference external" href="http://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-type-tools/agl-aglfn/master/glyphlist.txt">Adobe Glyph List</a> (for existing fonts) lists additional glyph names
used in older fonts. However, these are not intended for active use.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p>If there exists a <strong>math-mode macro</strong> for a symbol, the corresponding text
macro could be formed by prepending <span class="docutils literal">text</span>.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Example:</dt>
<dd><p>The glyph name for the GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA is <span class="docutils literal">sigma1</span>,
the corresponding math-macro is <span class="docutils literal">\varsigma</span>. The text symbol is
made available as <span class="docutils literal">\textvarsigma</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Problem:</dt>
<dd><p>The math macros for the <a class="reference internal" href="#symbol-variants">symbol variants</a> <span class="docutils literal">\varepsilon</span> and
<span class="docutils literal">\varphi</span> map to characters named “GREEK SMALL <em>LETTER</em> …”, while
<span class="docutils literal">\vartheta</span>, <span class="docutils literal">\varkappa</span>, <span class="docutils literal">\varrho</span>, and <span class="docutils literal">\varpi</span> map to “GREEK
… <em>SYMBOL</em>” Unicode characters. (See also section 5.5.3 of the
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math">unicode-math</a> documentation.)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NamesList.txt">Unicode names list</a> provides standardized descriptive names for all
Unicode characters that use only capital letters of the Latin alphabet.
While not suited for direct use in LICR macros, they can be either</p>
<ol class="lowerroman simple">
<li><p>used as inspiration for new LICR macro names or</p></li>
<li><p>converted to LICR macro names via a defined set of transformation rules.</p></li>
</ol>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Example:</dt>
<dd><p><span class="docutils literal">\textfinalsigma</span> is a descriptive alias for
GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA derived via the rules:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>drop “LETTER” if the name remains unique,</p></li>
<li><p>drop “GREEK” if the name remains unique,</p></li>
<li><p>use capitalized name for capital letters, lowercase for “SMALL” letters
and drop “SMALL”,</p></li>
<li><p>concatenate</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p>Omit the “text” prefix for macros that do not have a math counterpart?</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Pro:</dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Simpler,</p></li>
<li><p>ease of use (less typing, better readability of source text),</p></li>
<li><p>many established text macro names without “text”,</p></li>
<li><p><span class="docutils literal">text</span> prefix does <strong>not</strong> mark a macro as encoding-specific or
“inserting a glyph”. There are e.g. font-changing macros (<span class="docutils literal">\textbf</span>,
<span class="docutils literal">\textit</span>) and encoding-changing macros (<span class="docutils literal">\textgreek</span>,
<span class="docutils literal">\textcyr</span>).</p></li>
<li><p>There are examples of encoding-specific macros
without the <span class="docutils literal">text</span>-prefix, especially for letters, see <a class="reference internal" href="#encguide">encguide</a>.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Contra:</dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Less consistent,</p></li>
<li><p>possible name clashes</p></li>
<li><p><span class="docutils literal">text</span> prefix marks a macro as confined to text (as opposed to math)
mode,</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The font encoding definition files use the <span class="docutils literal">text</span> prefix for symbols.
Aliases (short forms, compatibility defs, etc.) are defined in
additional packages (e.g. <a class="reference external" href="alphabeta.sty">alphabeta.sty</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek">babel-greek</a>, or <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/teubner">teubner</a>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="accent-macros">
<h2>accent macros</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>standard accent macros (<span class="docutils literal">\DeclareTextAccent</span> definitions in
<span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">latex/base/...</span></span>) are one-symbol macros (<span class="docutils literal">\' \" ... \u \v ...</span>) .</p></li>
<li><p><span class="docutils literal">tipa.sty</span>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/xunicode">xunicode</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/unicode">ucs</a> use the “text” prefix also for accents.</p>
<p>However, the <a class="reference external" href="http://raw.githubusercontent.com/adobe-type-tools/agl-aglfn/master/aglfn.txt">Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts</a> maps, e.g., “tonos” and
“dieresistonos” to the spacing characters GREEK TONOS and GREEK DIALYTIKA
TONOS, hence <cite>texttonos</cite> and <cite>textdiaresistonos</cite> should be spacing
characters.</p>
</li>
<li><p>textcomp (ts1enc.def) defines <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\capital...</span></span> accents (i.e. without
<span class="docutils literal">text</span> prefix).</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Currently, <cite>greek-fontenc</cite> uses for diacritics:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Greek names like in Unicode, and <span class="docutils literal">ucsencs.def</span>, and</p></li>
<li><p>the prefix <span class="docutils literal">\acc</span> to distinguish the macros as <cite>TextAaccent</cite> and reduce
the risc of name clashes (cf. <span class="docutils literal">\@tabacckludge</span>).</p></li>
</ul>
<p>For the end-user “symbol macros” (<span class="docutils literal">\~ \' \` \" \< \> \"' ...</span>) are
provided. (The non-standard macros <span class="docutils literal">\<</span> and <span class="docutils literal">\></span> only with
<a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#alphabeta">alphabeta</a>.)</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="symbol-variants">
<h2>symbol variants</h2>
<p>See also <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet#Glyph_variants">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet#Glyph_variants</a></p>
<p>Mathematical notation distinguishes variant shapes for beta (β|ϐ), theta
(θ|ϑ), phi (φ|ϕ), pi (π|ϖ), kappa (κ|ϰ), rho (ρ|ϱ), Theta (Θ|ϴ), and epsilon
(ε|ϵ). The variations have no syntactic meaning in Greek text and Greek
text fonts use the shape variants indiscriminately.</p>
<p>Unicode defines separate code points for the symbol variants for use in
mathematical context. However, they are sometimes also used in place of the
corresponding letter characters in Unicode-encoded text.</p>
<p>The variant shapes are not given separate code-points in the <a class="reference internal" href="#lgr">LGR</a> font
encoding.</p>
<p>In mathematical mode, TeX supports the distinction between θ|ϑ, π|ϖ, φ|ϕ,
ρ|ϱ, and ε|ϵ with <span class="docutils literal">\var<lettername></span> macros. However, the mapping of
letter/symbol in Unicode to “normal”/variant in TeX is inconsistent
and variant macros for ϴ ϐ, and ϰ are not available without additional
packages (e.g. <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts">amssymb</a> provides ϰ as <span class="docutils literal">\varkappa</span>).</p>
<p><cite>greek-fontenc</cite> provides <span class="docutils literal">\text<lettername>symbol</span> LICR macros for these
characters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>With Unicode fonts, the macros select the GREEK
<lettername> SYMBOL“.</p></li>
<li><p>With LGR encoded fonts, they report an error by default and are mapped to
the corresponding letter with the <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">normalize-symbols</span></span> option of
<a class="reference internal" href="#textalpha">textalpha</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#alphabeta">alphabeta</a> (loosing the distinction between the shape
variants).</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="references">
<h2>References</h2>
<p>An alternative, more complete set of short mnemonic character names is
the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-entity-names/">XML Entity Definitions for Characters</a> W3C Recommendation from
01 April 2010.</p>
<p>For glyph names of the LGR encoding see, e.g., <span class="docutils literal">CB.enc</span> by Apostolos
Syropoulos and <span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xl-lgr.enc</span></span> from the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/libertine-legacy">libertine</a> (legacy) package.
<span class="docutils literal">lgr.cmap</span> provides a mapping to Unicode characters.</p>
<p>A full set of <span class="docutils literal">\text*</span> symbol macros is defined in <span class="docutils literal">ucsencs.def</span>
from the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/unicode">ucs</a> package.</p>
<p>Aliases from <span class="docutils literal">puenc.def</span> ensure that the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref">hyperref</a> package can convert
Greek text in “LICR encoding” to a PDF-string (utf-8 encoded input is used
as-is).</p>
<dl class="citation">
<dt class="label" id="fntguide"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">fntguide</span></a></dt>
<dd><p>LaTeX3 Project Team, <cite>LaTeX2ε font selection</cite>, 2005.
<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf">http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="label" id="encguide"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">encguide</span></a></dt>
<dd><p>Frank Mittelbach, Robin Fairbairns, Werner Lemberg,
LaTeX3 Project Team, <cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite>, 2006.
<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf">http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="label" id="greek-usage"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">greek-usage</span></a></dt>
<dd><p>Apostolos Syropoulos, <cite>Writing Greek with the greek option
of the babel package</cite>, 1997.
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.tug.org/texlive/Contents/live/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdf">http://www.tug.org/texlive/Contents/live/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdf</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="label" id="cbfonts"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">cbfonts</span></a></dt>
<dd><p>Claudio Beccari, <cite>The CB Greek fonts</cite>, Εὔτυπον, τεῦχος № 21, 2008.
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-21/e21-a01.pdf">http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-21/e21-a01.pdf</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="label" id="teubner-doc"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id14">teubner-doc</span></a></dt>
<dd><p>Claudio Beccari, <span class="docutils literal">teubner.sty</span>
<cite>An extension to the greek option of the babel package</cite>, 2011.
<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf">http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/teubner/teubner-doc.pdf</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="label" id="babel-patch"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id16">babel-patch</span></a></dt>
<dd><p>Werner Lemberg, <cite>Unicode support for the Greek LGR
encoding</cite> Εὔτυπον, τεῦχος № 20, 2008.
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-20/e20-a03.pdf">http://www.eutypon.gr/eutypon/pdf/e2008-20/e20-a03.pdf</a></p>
</dd>
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